Testing

The lesson discusses the complexity of identifying causes and effects in events, as they can be separated in time and space and multiple causes can affect a single outcome. Empiricism, the concept of gaining knowledge through experience, is important in science, but it is not enough to rely on a single experience to confirm an explanation. Testing through experiments allows for confidence in observations and conclusions, but even this approach may not guarantee accuracy. Therefore, good science utilizes a variety of methods to gain confidence in conclusions.