The lesson discusses the future of empires, which typically go through cycles of growth and decline. Reversing decline is difficult, but it can be estimated how many years an empire has left by looking at certain indicators. However, these estimates aren’t precise and can be extended if those in charge pay attention to vital signs and take steps to increase longevity. The lesson also highlights the importance of earning more than we spend and treating each other well, and suggests that strong education and competitiveness are just ways of achieving these goals. The goal of the lesson is to help people recognize the challenges we face and make wise decisions to navigate the future.